Abstract: Assumptions play a pivotal role in the selection and efficacy of statistical models, as unmet assumptions can lead to flawed conclusions and impact decision-making. In both traditional ...

Statistical significance is a critical concept in data analysis and research. In essence, it’s a measure that allows researchers to assess whether the results of an experiment or study are due to ...

In the middle of the 20 th century, the field of psychology had a problem. In the wake of the Manhattan Project and in the early days of the space race, the so-called “hard sciences” were producing ...

It may be common knowledge that p < .05 indicates statistical significance. Psychology students (and others) are often taught that p < .05 means the probability (p) of rejecting the null hypothesis ...

Introduction Caesarean section rates have increased globally, exceeding the WHO’s recommended threshold of 15%. Understanding ...