Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.

For decades, Arieh Warshel, USC Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and a 2013 Nobel laureate, has used computer simulations ...

Olalla, from the Department of Condensed Matter Physics at the University of Seville, has described the direct link between ...

Olalla’s recent work argues that the disappearance of specific heat at absolute zero—long treated as part of the third law of thermodynamics—can instead be derived directly from the second law, ...

The exploration of quantum information challenges objective reality, positing the universe as a hologram is explored through ...

The idea that we might be living in a simulated reality has worried us for centuries. Now physicists have found some ...

For more than a century, gravity has been the stubborn outlier in physics, perfectly described on cosmic scales yet refusing to mesh with the quantum rules that govern everything else. A growing camp ...

We conclude that brain states are shaped by local circuit mechanisms, large-scale connectivity and neuromodulation. A unified multiscale theory of cortical dynamics is relevant not only for ...

A change in driving patterns among older adults may signal cognitive decline, offering an opportunity for early intervention ...