Temperature is a well-defined quantity for systems in equilibrium. For glassy systems, it has been extended to the non-equilibrium regime, showing up as an effective quantity in a modified version of ...

Discusses the factors influencing chemical reaction rates and equilibrium. It explains how different reactions occur at varying rates due to factors such as the nature of reactants, surface area, ...

NO 2 is a toxic gas. In case the tubes break, do not breathe escaping gas. Wear heat-protective gloves when handling very cold or very hot tubes.

A dynamic equilibrium is formed in a reversible reaction when the rates of the forward and reverse reaction are equal and the amounts of the reactants and the products remains constant. In this ...