Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.

Explore the intriguing solution to Maxwell's demon paradox as Rolf Landauer reveals how erasing information generates heat ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

A multi-university research collaboration including Drexel University, Purdue University, Vanderbilt University, the University of Pennsylvania, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Institute of ...