Introduction Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) affects up to 15% of patients with cancer, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing. 1 - 4 Most cases are symptomatic; the most common symptoms are ...

Effusion fluids in cancer patients can arise in the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal space. Pathologic accumulation of such fluid is driven by different forces, among which are ‘paraneoplastic’ ...